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Photographic Images
Photography is the process of making pictures by means of the action of capturing light on a film. Light patterns reflected or emitted from objects are recorded onto a sensitive medium or storage chip through a timed exposure. more...
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The process is done through mechanical, chemical or digital devices known as cameras.
The word comes from the Greek words φως phos ("light"), and γραφις graphis ("stylus", "paintbrush") or γραφη graphê, together meaning "drawing with light" or "representation by means of lines" or "drawing." Traditionally the product of photography has been called a photograph. The term photo is an abbreviation; many people also call them pictures. In digital photography, the term image has begun to replace photograph. (The term image is traditional in geometric optics.)
Photographic image-forming devices
The camera or camera obscura is the image-forming device and photographic film or a digital storage card is the recording medium, although other methods are available. For instance, the photocopy or xerography machine forms permanent images but uses the transfer of static electrical charges rather than photographic film, hence the term electrophotography. Rayographs published by Man Ray and others are images produced by the shadows of objects cast on the photographic paper, without the use of a camera. Objects can also be placed directly on the glass of a scanner to produce digital pictures.
Photographers control the camera and lens to expose the light recording material (usually film or a charge-coupled device; a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor may also be used) to the required amount of light. After processing, this produces an image.
The controls usually include but not limited to:
Focus of lens;
Aperture of the lens (amount of light allowed to pass through the lens) also affects focus and depth of field;
shutter speed- the length of time used to record an image or duration of exposure. (usually in seconds) the longer the shutter is open the more movement your photo will show but this means more light so you must compensate by adjusting aperture (remembering that aperture changes affect depth of field;
white balance- telling that camera what kind of light (or the temperature of light) you are shooting under so the images will show colour as you see it.;
metering- measuring your exposure at a midtone so that highlights and shadows turn out even. or for a more artistic or dramatic look, meter off your highlights or shadows.;
ISO- indicate the light sensitivity of the film's emulsion or censor.;
Focal length and type of lens (telephoto, macro, wide angle, or zoom);
focal point - telling the camera in what point to focus. (many slr cameras have multi focus areas in the viewfinder);
Filters, or scrims placed between the subject and the light recording material, either in front of or behind the lens;
Sensitivity of the medium to light intensity and color/wavelength;
The nature of the light recording material, for example its resolution as measured in pixels or grains of silver halide;
Read more at Wikipedia.org
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