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The People's Republic of China, also known as China, P.R.C. more...

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and PRC (Simplified Chinese: 中华人民共和国; Traditional Chinese: 中華人民共和國; pinyin: Zhōnghuá Rénmín Gònghéguó listen (help·info)), is a country located mostly in East Asia, with a smaller proportion of its area located in Central Asia. The PRC has a coastline of 14,500 kilometres (9,010 mi), and borders (clockwise from south to northeast) Vietnam, Laos, Myanmar, India, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia, Mongolia, North Korea and located on the west of East China Sea and north of South China Sea. The PRC is a socialist republic, with its capital in Beijing.

At over 3.7 million square miles (over 9.5 million km²), the PRC is the third or fourth largest country by area. China's landscape is varied with largely desert on the north and humid and mountanious on the east and largely dry on the western part of the country. It is also the world's most populous nation, with over 1.3 billion citizens and borders the most countries in the world with 14 independent countries.

The present day location of PRC was the birthplace of the Chinese civilization that dates back to at least 18th century BC. The PRC was officially founded as a state on October 1, 1949 in Beijing during the closing stages of the Chinese Civil War.

The PRC is currently the world's fourth largest economy and second largest at purchasing power parity, third largest exporter and importer and represents China as a permanent member of the UN Security Council and APEC. China is also the largest trading partner of every country in East Asia. Due to its large and stable population, its rapidly growing economy (+9.4% annually), its large research and development investments ($136 billion annually) and military spending (~ $84.4 billion annually), and other capabilities, the PRC is often considered by analysts and commentators as an emerging superpower (see also Chinese Century and Asian century).

Background

Around the time it was officially founded, the previous government of China, the Republic of China (R.O.C.), retreated to the island of Taiwan, where it currently remains. Since then, the People's Republic of China (PRC) has claimed sovereignty over Taiwan and some nearby islands, which are administered by the Republic of China (R.O.C), and asserts that the PRC has supplanted the ROC in its legitimacy to govern all of China. The R.O.C on Taiwan rejects these claims, and administers itself as a sovereign state with a democratically elected government and president. Until 1991, Taiwan also claimed to be the sole leader of all of China, as well as Mongolia. The term "mainland China" is sometimes used to denote the area under PRC rule, but usually excludes the two Special Administrative Regions: Hong Kong and Macau. The Communist Party of China (CPC) has led the PRC under a one-party system since the country's establishment in 1949. Despite this, nearly half of the PRC's economy has been privatized in the past three decades under "Socialism with Chinese characteristics."

Read more at Wikipedia.org